Claude skills for Code Review, tested

Skills for code review work, measured on code review tasks. Each was the same task, run twice, once with the skill loaded and once without it, and what is below is what changed. Ranked by how many models the rule found a clear effect on, never by the size of one.

Measured on 2 models (GPT & Gemini): GPT-5 mini, Gemini 3.1 Flash Lite.

10 fixture source files in 4 languages, each seeded with known bugs, security issues and correctness problems, 54 in total, drawn from a closed list of 18 defect types that both arms are given. The model is asked to name the symbol each defect sits on, never a line number; the score is the share of seeded defects it names. 50 are verified in the fixtures by mechanical check, 4 are judgement items listed as such, and 30 pieces of correct code that read as suspicious are recorded as traps and are deliberately not in the key.

On the models tested, no skill measurably helped with code review tasks; the unaided scores are the story.

What the models managed with no skill loaded
Task setUnaided score
Code review64%
Code review63%
Code review63%
Code review64%
Code review63%
Code review64%
Code review63%
Code review64%

The numbers

How to read these tables

How to read these tables

Without the skill
The score on the task set before any skill was loaded. Where this is already near the top of the scale, there was little room for a skill to show an effect, and the result says so instead of reporting no difference.
Without -> with
The score on the task set with no skill loaded, then with the skill loaded. For classes scored against an answer key, this is the share of seeded items found. For classes scored by blind comparison, it is how often a grader preferred the skill's output over the baseline's, with the baseline shown as the complement.
Effect (range)
With minus without, averaged over the models tested, with the lowest and highest per-model value in brackets. Per-model intervals are on each skill's page.
Result
  • helped: delta at or above the pass threshold, and the interval excludes zero
  • worse: delta at or below the failure floor, and the interval excludes zero
  • unclear: the interval spans zero, or the delta sits between the floor and the threshold
  • not measured: the cell cannot be classified: sub-case (a) an unbounded scale, or sub-case (b) both arms at the same bound

A fifth value, Decaying, is defined and appears once a skill has been re-tested: a cell previously Stable that has fallen below the pass threshold on a later run.

Cohort
The repository that publishes the skill. Rows marked with an asterisk come from the repository the operator of this site maintains, so those are the operator measuring its own work. The rest were chosen by a stated rule and not by preference.
Commit
The exact version tested. Later commits are not covered by this verdict.
Injected context tokens
How much text the skill adds to the model's context. This is cost, not quality; a bigger number is not a better one. Measured from the input tokens the API reported on the with arm, averaged over that skill's records.
Tested
The date. Verdicts age as models change.

Code review

Each figure is how many points the skill added over no skill on that model, at the tier shown. A ring marks a clear lift. “Nothing left to measure” means the model already scored 90% or more with no skill.

Via API

From one run: harder tasks, each model at its own tier. One other run is in the tables below.

SkillGPT-5 miniGemini 3.1 Flash Lite
Code review excellence−3 points unclear tier 3−3 points unclear tier 3
Code reviewer+7 points unclear tier 3−10 points unclear tier 3
PR review expert+17 points unclear tier 3−7 points unclear tier 3
Code review and quality+7 points unclear tier 3−3 points unclear tier 3
GSD code review0 points unclear tier 3−7 points unclear tier 3
Code review web+27 points helped tier 3−3 points unclear tier 3
Code review+3 points unclear tier 3−13 points unclear tier 3
CE code review+13 points unclear tier 3−37 points worse tier 3

In Claude Code

From one run: harder tasks, each model at its own tier. 3 other runs are in the tables below.

SkillClaude Haiku 4.5Claude Fable 5.1Claude Opus 5Claude Opus 5.5Claude Sonnet 5
Code review excellence0 points unclear tier 3nothing left to measure 99% with no skill, tier 3nothing left to measure 100% with no skill, tier 3nothing left to measure 100% with no skill, tier 3−7 points unclear tier 2
Code reviewer−7 points unclear tier 3nothing left to measure 99% with no skill, tier 3nothing left to measure 100% with no skill, tier 3nothing left to measure 100% with no skill, tier 3−7 points unclear tier 2
PR review expert−17 points unclear tier 3nothing left to measure 99% with no skill, tier 3nothing left to measure 100% with no skill, tier 3nothing left to measure 100% with no skill, tier 3−3 points unclear tier 2
Code review and quality−3 points unclear tier 3nothing left to measure 99% with no skill, tier 3nothing left to measure 100% with no skill, tier 3nothing left to measure 100% with no skill, tier 3−10 points unclear tier 2
GSD code review−7 points unclear tier 3nothing left to measure 99% with no skill, tier 3nothing left to measure 100% with no skill, tier 3nothing left to measure 100% with no skill, tier 3−23 points worse tier 2
Code review web0 points unclear tier 3nothing left to measure 99% with no skill, tier 3nothing left to measure 100% with no skill, tier 3nothing left to measure 100% with no skill, tier 30 points unclear tier 2
Code review−10 points unclear tier 3nothing left to measure 99% with no skill, tier 3nothing left to measure 100% with no skill, tier 3nothing left to measure 100% with no skill, tier 3−13 points unclear tier 2
CE code review−7 points unclear tier 3nothing left to measure 99% with no skill, tier 3nothing left to measure 100% with no skill, tier 3nothing left to measure 100% with no skill, tier 3−30 points worse tier 2

At each model's own tier

We ran the eight skills again on harder files. Each model got the tier where its score with no skill left room to improve. Compare skills on one model only. The models did different work, so this does not rank one model against another.

A skill clearly helped on one of the 32 tests where the model had room. The one-line instruction got at least half of the gain on it.

In Claude Code
Claude Sonnet 5: Tier 2, 63% with no skill
SkillNo skillOne-line instructionSkill loadedSkill against no skillSkill against the instructionShare of named problems that were real
Code review web67%57%67%unclear, 0 points (−17 to +17)unclear, +10 points (−7 to +27)63%
Code review70%73%57%unclear, −13 points (−39 to +13)unclear, −17 points (−39 to +6)55%
PR review expert63%70%60%unclear, −3 points (−15 to +8)unclear, −10 points (−30 to +10)56%
Code review and quality63%63%53%unclear, −10 points (−27 to +7)unclear, −10 points (−30 to +10)52%
Code reviewer67%70%60%unclear, −7 points (−28 to +15)unclear, −10 points (−20 to 0)53%
CE code review70%67%40%worse, −30 points (−51 to −9)worse, −27 points (−43 to −10)48%
Code review excellence63%63%57%unclear, −7 points (−23 to +10)unclear, −7 points (−26 to +12)63%
GSD code review70%60%47%worse, −23 points (−37 to −9)unclear, −13 points (−28 to +1)48%
Claude Haiku 4.5: Tier 3, 50% with no skill
SkillNo skillOne-line instructionSkill loadedSkill against no skillSkill against the instructionShare of named problems that were realLook-alikes flaggedCorrect code flagged
Code review web63%50%63%unclear, 0 points (−10 to +10)unclear, +13 points (−1 to +28)57%10%50%
Code review57%47%47%unclear, −10 points (−24 to +4)unclear, 0 points (−10 to +10)43%20%40%
PR review expert60%43%43%unclear, −17 points (−37 to +3)unclear, 0 points (−22 to +22)38%20%60%
Code review and quality47%43%43%unclear, −3 points (−10 to +3)unclear, 0 points (−22 to +22)43%20%45%
Code reviewer57%53%50%unclear, −7 points (−20 to +6)unclear, −3 points (−10 to +3)46%20%55%
CE code review50%43%43%unclear, −7 points (−23 to +10)unclear, 0 points (−22 to +22)45%10%35%
Code review excellence60%33%60%unclear, 0 points (−17 to +17)helped, +27 points (+3 to +50)64%30%35%
GSD code review53%43%47%unclear, −7 points (−23 to +10)unclear, +3 points (−3 to +10)52%10%35%
Via API
GPT-5 mini: Tier 3, 42% with no skill
SkillNo skillOne-line instructionSkill loadedSkill against no skillSkill against the instructionShare of named problems that were realLook-alikes flaggedCorrect code flagged
Code review web33%47%60%helped, +27 points (+3 to +50)unclear, +13 points (−9 to +36)37%40%70%
Code review40%33%43%unclear, +3 points (−12 to +19)unclear, +10 points (−4 to +24)30%50%80%
PR review expert33%43%50%unclear, +17 points (+2 to +31)unclear, +7 points (−10 to +23)39%70%45%
Code review and quality37%37%43%unclear, +7 points (−6 to +20)unclear, +7 points (−2 to +15)32%50%60%
Code reviewer40%40%47%unclear, +7 points (−10 to +23)unclear, +7 points (−6 to +20)32%50%65%
CE code review37%43%50%unclear, +13 points (−1 to +28)unclear, +7 points (−6 to +20)33%40%75%
Code review excellence43%47%40%unclear, −3 points (−26 to +19)unclear, −7 points (−30 to +17)32%60%75%
GSD code review40%37%40%unclear, 0 points (−14 to +14)unclear, +3 points (−12 to +19)33%70%65%
Gemini 3.1 Flash Lite: Tier 3, 60% with no skill
SkillNo skillOne-line instructionSkill loadedSkill against no skillSkill against the instructionShare of named problems that were realLook-alikes flaggedCorrect code flagged
Code review web60%60%57%unclear, −3 points (−19 to +12)unclear, −3 points (−21 to +15)63%20%15%
Code review60%60%47%unclear, −13 points (−31 to +4)unclear, −13 points (−28 to +1)59%20%20%
PR review expert60%60%53%unclear, −7 points (−26 to +12)unclear, −7 points (−20 to +6)58%20%20%
Code review and quality60%60%57%unclear, −3 points (−19 to +12)unclear, −3 points (−15 to +8)72%10%5%
Code reviewer60%60%50%unclear, −10 points (−24 to +4)unclear, −10 points (−20 to 0)59%10%15%
CE code review60%60%23%worse, −37 points (−63 to −10)worse, −37 points (−67 to −7)26%10%15%
Code review excellence60%60%57%unclear, −3 points (−19 to +12)unclear, −3 points (−19 to +12)59%0%20%
GSD code review60%60%53%unclear, −7 points (−20 to +6)unclear, −7 points (−15 to +2)61%10%10%
  • Claude Opus 5: Nothing left to measure at tier 3. With no skill it scored 100% there, so these skills were not run on it.
  • Claude Fable 5.1: Nothing left to measure at tier 3. With no skill it scored 99% there, so these skills were not run on it.
  • Claude Opus 5.5: Nothing left to measure at tier 3. With no skill it scored 100% there, so these skills were not run on it.

Tier 1, the original pages

Scores with no skill on tier 1: Claude Opus 5 96%, Claude Sonnet 5 71%, Claude Haiku 4.5 56%, GPT-5 mini 69%, Gemini 3.1 Flash Lite 57%, Claude Fable 5.1 90%.

With the skill and without it, per skill and model

  • Grey: the score with no skill loaded
  • Colour: the score with the skill loaded
  • Dashed tick: the score with the instruction only, where that was measured

Via API tested via API

skills/code-reviewer GPT-5 mini Wider run, three ways, Deterministic

No measured effect

No skill: 0.693. With the skill: 0.738. Instruction only: 0.690. Change +0.045. It could sit between -0.032 and +0.122.

skills/code-review-web GPT-5 mini Wider run, three ways, Deterministic

No measured effect

No skill: 0.710. With the skill: 0.702. Instruction only: 0.710. Change -0.008. It could sit between -0.100 and +0.083.

skills/code-review-and-quality GPT-5 mini Wider run, three ways, Deterministic

No measured effect

No skill: 0.710. With the skill: 0.683. Instruction only: 0.727. Change -0.027. It could sit between -0.133 and +0.079.

skills/ce-code-review GPT-5 mini Wider run, three ways, Deterministic

No measured effect

No skill: 0.710. With the skill: 0.677. Instruction only: 0.693. Change -0.033. It could sit between -0.077 and +0.010.

skills/gsd-code-review GPT-5 mini Wider run, three ways, Deterministic

No measured effect

No skill: 0.677. With the skill: 0.660. Instruction only: 0.693. Change -0.017. It could sit between -0.124 and +0.091.

plugins/developer-essentials/skills/code-review-excellence GPT-5 mini Wider run, three ways, Deterministic

No measured effect

No skill: 0.710. With the skill: 0.658. Instruction only: 0.643. Change -0.052. It could sit between -0.221 and +0.117.

skills/engineering/code-review GPT-5 mini Wider run, three ways, Deterministic

No measured effect

No skill: 0.693. With the skill: 0.657. Instruction only: 0.792. Change -0.037. It could sit between -0.085 and +0.011.

engineering/skills/pr-review-expert GPT-5 mini Wider run, three ways, Deterministic

No measured effect

No skill: 0.693. With the skill: 0.628. Instruction only: 0.707. Change -0.065. It could sit between -0.171 and +0.041.

plugins/developer-essentials/skills/code-review-excellence Gemini 3.1 Flash Lite Wider run, three ways, Deterministic

No measured effect

No skill: 0.575. With the skill: 0.602. Instruction only: 0.592. Change +0.027. It could sit between -0.076 and +0.130.

engineering/skills/pr-review-expert Gemini 3.1 Flash Lite Wider run, three ways, Deterministic

No measured effect

No skill: 0.575. With the skill: 0.578. Instruction only: 0.592. Change +0.003. It could sit between -0.069 and +0.076.

skills/code-review-and-quality Gemini 3.1 Flash Lite Wider run, three ways, Deterministic

No measured effect

No skill: 0.575. With the skill: 0.542. Instruction only: 0.592. Change -0.033. It could sit between -0.077 and +0.010.

skills/code-reviewer Gemini 3.1 Flash Lite Wider run, three ways, Deterministic

No measured effect

No skill: 0.575. With the skill: 0.538. Instruction only: 0.592. Change -0.037. It could sit between -0.127 and +0.053.

skills/gsd-code-review Gemini 3.1 Flash Lite Wider run, three ways, Deterministic

No measured effect

No skill: 0.575. With the skill: 0.522. Instruction only: 0.592. Change -0.053. It could sit between -0.126 and +0.019.

skills/engineering/code-review Gemini 3.1 Flash Lite Wider run, three ways, Deterministic

No measured effect

No skill: 0.575. With the skill: 0.492. Instruction only: 0.592. Change -0.083. It could sit between -0.189 and +0.022.

skills/code-review-web Gemini 3.1 Flash Lite Wider run, three ways, Deterministic

No measured effect

No skill: 0.575. With the skill: 0.453. Instruction only: 0.592. Change -0.122. It could sit between -0.239 and -0.005.

skills/ce-code-review Gemini 3.1 Flash Lite Wider run, three ways, Deterministic

Scored worse

No skill: 0.575. With the skill: 0.000. Instruction only: 0.592. Change -0.575. It could sit between -0.749 and -0.401.

In Claude Code tested in Claude Code

skills/code-review-and-quality Claude Opus 5 Wider run, three ways, Deterministic

No measured effect

No skill: 0.935. With the skill: 0.955. Change +0.020. It could sit between -0.019 and +0.059.

plugins/developer-essentials/skills/code-review-excellence Claude Opus 5 Wider run, three ways, Deterministic

No measured effect

No skill: 0.915. With the skill: 0.935. Change +0.020. It could sit between -0.019 and +0.059.

skills/ce-code-review Claude Opus 5 Wider run, three ways, Deterministic

No measured effect

No skill: 0.935. With the skill: 0.935. Change +0.000. It could sit between +0.000 and +0.000.

skills/code-review-web Claude Opus 5 Wider run, three ways, Deterministic

No measured effect

No skill: 0.935. With the skill: 0.935. Change +0.000. It could sit between +0.000 and +0.000.

skills/code-reviewer Claude Fable 5.1 Wider run, three ways, Deterministic

No measured effect

No skill: 0.935. With the skill: 0.935. Change +0.000. It could sit between +0.000 and +0.000.

skills/code-reviewer Claude Opus 5 Wider run, three ways, Deterministic

No measured effect

No skill: 0.915. With the skill: 0.935. Change +0.020. It could sit between -0.019 and +0.059.

skills/engineering/code-review Claude Fable 5.1 Wider run, three ways, Deterministic

No measured effect

No skill: 0.918. With the skill: 0.935. Change +0.017. It could sit between -0.016 and +0.049.

skills/engineering/code-review Claude Opus 5 Wider run, three ways, Deterministic

No measured effect

No skill: 0.915. With the skill: 0.935. Change +0.020. It could sit between -0.019 and +0.059.

skills/gsd-code-review Claude Fable 5.1 Wider run, three ways, Deterministic

No measured effect

No skill: 0.935. With the skill: 0.935. Change +0.000. It could sit between +0.000 and +0.000.

skills/gsd-code-review Claude Opus 5 Wider run, three ways, Deterministic

No measured effect

No skill: 0.935. With the skill: 0.935. Change +0.000. It could sit between +0.000 and +0.000.

skills/ce-code-review Claude Fable 5.1 Wider run, three ways, Deterministic

No measured effect

No skill: 0.918. With the skill: 0.927. Change +0.008. It could sit between -0.054 and +0.070.

engineering/skills/pr-review-expert Claude Opus 5 Wider run, three ways, Deterministic

No measured effect

No skill: 0.935. With the skill: 0.918. Change -0.017. It could sit between -0.049 and +0.016.

skills/code-review-and-quality Claude Fable 5.1 Wider run, three ways, Deterministic

No measured effect

No skill: 0.918. With the skill: 0.918. Change +0.000. It could sit between +0.000 and +0.000.

skills/gsd-code-review Claude Fable 5 Fable 5, wider run, three ways, Deterministic

No measured effect

No skill: 0.885. With the skill: 0.918. Change +0.033. It could sit between -0.054 and +0.121.

skills/code-review-web Claude Fable 5.1 Wider run, three ways, Deterministic

No measured effect

No skill: 0.902. With the skill: 0.902. Change +0.000. It could sit between +0.000 and +0.000.

engineering/skills/pr-review-expert Claude Fable 5.1 Wider run, three ways, Deterministic

No measured effect

No skill: 0.915. With the skill: 0.898. Change -0.017. It could sit between -0.049 and +0.016.

skills/ce-code-review Claude Fable 5 Fable 5, wider run, three ways, Deterministic

No measured effect

No skill: 0.918. With the skill: 0.898. Change -0.020. It could sit between -0.083 and +0.043.

skills/code-review-and-quality Claude Fable 5 Fable 5, wider run, three ways, Deterministic

No measured effect

No skill: 0.882. With the skill: 0.885. Change +0.003. It could sit between -0.050 and +0.057.

skills/code-review-web Claude Fable 5 Fable 5, wider run, three ways, Deterministic

No measured effect

No skill: 0.865. With the skill: 0.885. Change +0.020. It could sit between -0.050 and +0.090.

skills/code-reviewer Claude Fable 5 Fable 5, wider run, three ways, Deterministic

No measured effect

No skill: 0.828. With the skill: 0.885. Change +0.057. It could sit between -0.000 and +0.113.

skills/ce-code-review Claude Opus 5.5 Opus 5.5 series, wider run, three ways, Deterministic

No measured effect

No skill: 0.848. With the skill: 0.882. Change +0.033. It could sit between -0.032 and +0.099.

skills/engineering/code-review Claude Fable 5 Fable 5, wider run, three ways, Deterministic

No measured effect

No skill: 0.902. With the skill: 0.882. Change -0.020. It could sit between -0.059 and +0.019.

skills/gsd-code-review Claude Opus 5.5 Opus 5.5 series, wider run, three ways, Deterministic

No measured effect

No skill: 0.848. With the skill: 0.882. Change +0.033. It could sit between -0.032 and +0.099.

engineering/skills/pr-review-expert Claude Fable 5 Fable 5, wider run, three ways, Deterministic

No measured effect

No skill: 0.865. With the skill: 0.865. Change +0.000. It could sit between -0.058 and +0.058.

engineering/skills/pr-review-expert Claude Opus 5.5 Opus 5.5 series, wider run, three ways, Deterministic

No measured effect

No skill: 0.848. With the skill: 0.865. Change +0.017. It could sit between -0.016 and +0.049.

plugins/developer-essentials/skills/code-review-excellence Claude Fable 5 Fable 5, wider run, three ways, Deterministic

No measured effect

No skill: 0.825. With the skill: 0.865. Change +0.040. It could sit between -0.012 and +0.092.

plugins/developer-essentials/skills/code-review-excellence Claude Opus 5.5 Opus 5.5 series, wider run, three ways, Deterministic

No measured effect

No skill: 0.865. With the skill: 0.865. Change +0.000. It could sit between +0.000 and +0.000.

skills/code-reviewer Claude Opus 5.5 Opus 5.5 series, wider run, three ways, Deterministic

No measured effect

No skill: 0.882. With the skill: 0.865. Change -0.017. It could sit between -0.049 and +0.016.

skills/engineering/code-review Claude Opus 5.5 Opus 5.5 series, wider run, three ways, Deterministic

No measured effect

No skill: 0.902. With the skill: 0.865. Change -0.037. It could sit between -0.085 and +0.011.

plugins/developer-essentials/skills/code-review-excellence Claude Fable 5.1 Wider run, three ways, Deterministic

No measured effect

No skill: 0.918. With the skill: 0.862. Change -0.057. It could sit between -0.113 and +0.000.

skills/code-review-web Claude Opus 5.5 Opus 5.5 series, wider run, three ways, Deterministic

No measured effect

No skill: 0.828. With the skill: 0.848. Change +0.020. It could sit between -0.019 and +0.059.

skills/code-review-web Claude Sonnet 5 Wider run, three ways, Deterministic

No measured effect

No skill: 0.793. With the skill: 0.833. Change +0.040. It could sit between -0.012 and +0.092.

skills/code-review-and-quality Claude Opus 5.5 Opus 5.5 series, wider run, three ways, Deterministic

No measured effect

No skill: 0.862. With the skill: 0.828. Change -0.033. It could sit between -0.077 and +0.010.

skills/code-reviewer Claude Sonnet 5 Wider run, three ways, Deterministic

No measured effect

No skill: 0.777. With the skill: 0.773. Change -0.003. It could sit between -0.057 and +0.050.

skills/gsd-code-review Claude Sonnet 5 Wider run, three ways, Deterministic

No measured effect

No skill: 0.760. With the skill: 0.763. Change +0.003. It could sit between -0.050 and +0.057.

plugins/developer-essentials/skills/code-review-excellence Claude Sonnet 5 Wider run, three ways, Deterministic

No measured effect

No skill: 0.777. With the skill: 0.760. Change -0.017. It could sit between -0.084 and +0.050.

skills/engineering/code-review Claude Sonnet 5 Wider run, three ways, Deterministic

No measured effect

No skill: 0.760. With the skill: 0.760. Change +0.000. It could sit between -0.049 and +0.049.

skills/code-review-and-quality Claude Sonnet 5 Wider run, three ways, Deterministic

No measured effect

No skill: 0.770. With the skill: 0.757. Change -0.013. It could sit between -0.093 and +0.067.

engineering/skills/pr-review-expert Claude Sonnet 5 Wider run, three ways, Deterministic

No measured effect

No skill: 0.723. With the skill: 0.740. Change +0.017. It could sit between -0.066 and +0.099.

skills/ce-code-review Claude Sonnet 5 Wider run, three ways, Deterministic

No measured effect

No skill: 0.777. With the skill: 0.710. Change -0.067. It could sit between -0.160 and +0.026.

skills/gsd-code-review Claude Haiku 4.5 Wider run, three ways, Deterministic

No measured effect

No skill: 0.535. With the skill: 0.567. Change +0.032. It could sit between -0.104 and +0.167.

plugins/developer-essentials/skills/code-review-excellence Claude Haiku 4.5 Wider run, three ways, Deterministic

No measured effect

No skill: 0.482. With the skill: 0.553. Change +0.072. It could sit between -0.133 and +0.276.

skills/code-review-web Claude Haiku 4.5 Wider run, three ways, Deterministic

No measured effect

No skill: 0.498. With the skill: 0.517. Change +0.018. It could sit between -0.169 and +0.206.

skills/engineering/code-review Claude Haiku 4.5 Wider run, three ways, Deterministic

No measured effect

No skill: 0.495. With the skill: 0.507. Change +0.012. It could sit between -0.077 and +0.100.

skills/code-reviewer Claude Haiku 4.5 Wider run, three ways, Deterministic

No measured effect

No skill: 0.498. With the skill: 0.503. Change +0.005. It could sit between -0.096 and +0.106.

skills/code-review-and-quality Claude Haiku 4.5 Wider run, three ways, Deterministic

No measured effect

No skill: 0.490. With the skill: 0.490. Change -0.000. It could sit between -0.103 and +0.103.

skills/ce-code-review Claude Haiku 4.5 Wider run, three ways, Deterministic

No measured effect

No skill: 0.578. With the skill: 0.437. Change -0.142. It could sit between -0.319 and +0.036.

engineering/skills/pr-review-expert Claude Haiku 4.5 Wider run, three ways, Deterministic

No measured effect

No skill: 0.488. With the skill: 0.437. Change -0.052. It could sit between -0.317 and +0.214.

deterministic pass rate, 0 to 1 Each row is one skill on one model. The grey bar is the score with no skill loaded. The coloured bar is the score with it. The bracket shows how much the change could move if we ran it again. It starts at the grey bar, so it covers where the coloured bar could have ended. The two test methods are measured on their own and never ranked against each other. Every figure drawn here is printed beside its row. A dashed upright marks the score with the instruction only. Rows without one are rows where that was not measured, and no mark stands in for it. A bracket wider than the scale is drawn to the edge with its cap left off. The table below gives its two ends.
SkillCohortWithout the skillWithout -> withEffect (range)ResultInjected context tokensTested
No skill loadedbaseline64%64%0 by definition02026-09-05
One-line instruction insteadbaseline65%0 by definition02026-09-05
plugins/developer-essentials/skills/code-review-excellence from wshobson/agents 38e19c20d2b1 Best result in this testwshobson/agents64%64% -> 63%+0.01 [+0.01, +0.02]unclear3,9382026-09-05
skills/code-reviewer from Jeffallan/claude-skills 882ef55e377dJeffallan/claude-skills63%63% -> 64%-0.00 [-0.05, +0.05]unclear8,2902026-09-05
engineering/skills/pr-review-expert from alirezarezvani/claude-skills 19392f7a0826alirezarezvani/claude-skills63%63% -> 60%-0.05 [-0.08, -0.01]unclear4,2602026-09-05
skills/code-review-and-quality from addyosmani/agent-skills d2c37ef6225daddyosmani/agent-skills64%64% -> 61%-0.05 [-0.05, -0.04]unclear5,2182026-09-05
skills/gsd-code-review from open-gsd/gsd-core 6beaa66b2587open-gsd/gsd-core63%63% -> 59%-0.05 [-0.07, -0.03]unclear1,4202026-09-05
skills/code-review-web from rampstackco/claude-skills in the catalog a67dd34c609frampstackco/claude-skills*64%64% -> 58%-0.07 [-0.14, -0.01]unclear8,2062026-09-05
skills/engineering/code-review from mattpocock/skills 6654f6b60cd9mattpocock/skills63%63% -> 57%-0.12 [-0.14, -0.10]unclear2,2782026-09-05
skills/ce-code-review from EveryInc/compound-engineering-plugin c9c10f8c7541EveryInc/compound-engineering-plugin64%64% -> 34%-0.30 [-0.59, -0.02]Mixed, see page73,7152026-09-05
Averaged over three models; per-model results on each skill's page. Ranked within this class only.
How hard were the tasks

We built two harder versions of this test. Every model answered each file six times, with no skill loaded. Each figure is the share of planted defects found, averaged over ten files. Beside it is the range the score would likely fall in on another try.

  • Tier 1, the original ten files
  • Tier 2, defects that need the caller and the callee
  • Tier 3, defects beside correct code that looks wrong

In Claude Code

ModelTier 1Tier 2Tier 3Next test uses
Claude Opus 596% (88 to 100%)93% (86 to 100%)100% (100 to 100%)Tier 3, the hardest, though no tier leaves it room
Claude Sonnet 571% (57 to 85%)63% (53 to 73%)77% (64 to 89%)Tier 2
Claude Haiku 4.556% (45 to 67%)51% (36 to 67%)50% (34 to 66%)Tier 3
Claude Fable 5.190% (83 to 96%)98% (96 to 100%)99% (97 to 100%)Tier 3, the hardest, though no tier leaves it room

Via API

ModelTier 1Tier 2Tier 3Next test uses
GPT-5 mini69% (60 to 78%)60% (49 to 71%)42% (24 to 59%)Tier 3
Gemini 3.1 Flash Lite57% (40 to 75%)50% (39 to 61%)60% (44 to 76%)Tier 3

Opus 5.5, a later run

A later run asked Opus 5.5 every task on all three tiers, six times each, with no skill loaded. Its figures are its own and are not added to the table above.

ModelTier 1Tier 2Tier 3Next test uses
Claude Opus 5.585% (76 to 93%)99% (97 to 100%)100% (100 to 100%)Tier 3, the hardest, though no tier leaves it room

No tier leaves Opus 5.5 room: with no skill loaded it scored above 70% on all three. So it takes the hardest, tier 3, where it scored 100%.

Each model's next tier comes from its own three scores, so these are listed side by side, not ranked.

  • Claude Opus 5: Tier 3, the hardest, though no tier leaves it room
  • Claude Fable 5.1: Tier 3, the hardest, though no tier leaves it room
  • Claude Opus 5.5: Tier 3, the hardest, though no tier leaves it room
Did tier 1 hold up for Opus 5.5

Tier 1 here is the same set of tasks Opus 5.5 answered in its skills test a few days earlier. Its new score, 85% (76 to 93%), landed within the likely range of that earlier one, 85% (78 to 93%). This is a check on the tasks, and it changes no pick.

Each model takes its next skills test at its own tier: the one where its score, with no skill loaded, leaves room to improve. A model that scores high everywhere gets the hardest tier. So a skill's result can be compared with other skills on the same model, but not used to rank one model against another, because the models did different work.

Tier 1 is the same ten files the skills test used, asked again. On 6 of 6 models the new score landed within the likely range of the earlier one.

Ranked within this topic by how many models the rule found a clear effect on, which is a count of verdicts and never the size of one. Two classes are two answer keys on two scales, so no effect here is compared with another. Every class, with its full table.

* rampstackco/claude-skills is maintained by the operator of OpenAddict.com.